集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。     

施工场景下基于YOLOv3的安全帽佩戴状态检测

针对现有安全帽检测研究中采用的两阶段检测法存在检测效率偏低,累积误差对精度影响较大的问题,提出一种对安全帽的单阶段检测法。将安全帽和工人头部视为一个整体,将检测目标分为2类,即佩戴安全帽的头部和未佩戴安全帽的头部,同时对2类目标进行检测,避免了冗余的计算步骤及累积误差的影响。同时,针对施工场景安全帽佩戴状态检测特点,对YOLOv3的网络结构、损失函数及先验框尺寸进行改进,提出YOLOv3-C模型。研究结果表明:改进后的YOLOv3-C模型的检测性能大幅提升,在本文建立的样本集中模型的mAP达到93.84%,对安全帽检测平均精度达到97.01%,对工人头部检测平均精度达到90.67%,同时YOLOv3-C对本文的检测场景表现出良好的鲁棒性。     

A multiscale material-structure-hydroelasticity coupled analytical model for floating sandwich structures with hierarchical cores

A novel material-structure-hydroelasticity coupling analytical model is proposed for marine structures, which is utilized for the calculation and optimization of a very large floating sandwich structure (VLFSS) with a hierarchical ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) core in this study. For the coupling material and structure analysis, three-dimensional representative volume element and self-consistent methods are developed to reveal the physical relations between the UHPC core's macroscale mechanical properties (e.g., modulus and density) and mesoscale hierarchical characteristics (e.g., aggregate and porosity) and to obtain the corresponding parameterized formulas. For the coupling material-structure-hydroelasticity analysis, a sixth-order dynamical equation for the potential flow model of the VLFSS, in which the hierarchical core's parameters are introduced through the material-structure coupling formulas, is developed. The hydroelasticity equations containing multiscale parameters are solved, and the mechanical responses are calculated. Using this coupled multiscale method, the shear force in the representative VLFSS is optimized for a smaller amplitude, which relies on the interactivity of the hierarchical structural parameters and wave conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of the multiscale coupling methodology to achieve the physically significant optimization of a floating composite structure in ocean engineering.     

船体曲型分段外板板架吊装工艺优化

针对曲型分段建造时外板板架的吊装、装配过程在传统吊装工艺存在局限性,以某散货船的曲型外板板架为例,探讨起吊设备对其脱胎、翻身、大组整个吊装过程中影响作业效率的因素。在传统吊装工艺的基础上,结合现场实际情况,优化并设计新的吊装方案,使船体曲型外板板架的吊装作业更加便捷、高效。     

新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备叶片的优化与仿真

为深入了解新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的性能,对其叶片结构的流场特性和设备在流场中的动力收集特性进行仿真研究.建立不同结构叶片和不同数量叶片的二维模型,通过仿真计算,得到不同结构叶片的流场状态,以及叶片数分别为3、4和6时设备的合力和转矩大小.研究结果表明:在矩形叶片上开长方形孔能明显改善叶片后方的涡流,提高叶片的性能;当入口速度不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随叶片数量的增加而增大;当叶片数量不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随入口速度的增加而增大.研究结果可为新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的结构设计与优化提供参考.     

Pragmatic regularization of element-dependent effects in finite element simulations of ductile tensile failure initiation using fine meshes

For the evaluation of the structural response in accidental scenarios like ship collisions, the simulation of tensile failure initiation is inevitable. Here, one difficulty is that the process of failure initiation is a very local process, which cannot be simulated in its details at present due to the computing effort which would be required. However, there are various approaches how the failure initiation can be simplified and simulated in finite element models of large thin-walled structures. A short overview of these approaches is given. A pragmatic approach, which is suitable for relatively small elements for the simulation of failure initiation in uniaxial to biaxial stress states, is chosen within this paper for further investigations regarding the applicability for thin-walled steel structures. Exemplary simulations with solid and, in particular, shell elements are used to demonstrate how the effects of element size and other element properties can be considered in the simulation of failure initiation. The focus is also on imperfections that are relevant in simulations with small elements. For this purpose, an indentation experiment is simulated with different imperfections.     

矿山法隧道拱部装配式衬砌结构设计研究

为解决矿山法铁路隧道施工拱部常出现的衬砌背后脱空、二次衬砌厚度及强度不足等质量缺陷问题，提出矿山法隧道拱部采用装配式预制管片结构的新思路，并基于时速350 km双线铁路隧道，采用数值计算分析研究拱部装配式衬砌结构的系列设计参数。主要研究结论有： 1）提出拱部装配式衬砌环向不分块的整体预制形式，综合考虑理论计算结果、行车安全分析、机械设备运输及拼装能力、拱部衬砌承载能力等，确定拱部管片环向弦长8.6 m、纵向幅宽2 m、衬砌厚度50 cm的结构尺寸及配筋设计参数； 2）提出拱部预制管片之间环缝采用螺栓连接、拱部预制管片与现浇边墙采用“L”型榫接头的接头形式及其设计参数； 3）为保证拱部管片的顺利安装，“L”型榫接头应考虑一定的施工误差，同时拱部预制管片与初期支护间应预留安装空间，后期通过管片背后纵向注浆填充密实。隧道拱部装配式衬砌技术成功应用于重庆胡家沟隧道，总体实施效果较好。     

粘弹性人工边界在地下结构抗震分析中的应用

地下结构地震反应分析需考虑结构-地基的动力相互作用,其中场地土层的自由场反应分析是确定地震输入的关键问题。以往地下工程实例表明,在结构动力时程计算中,能否有效模拟无限地基边界对结构抗震分析有很大的影响。基于某地下综合体项目进行抗震评估,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟自由场震动响应,克服工程中传统分析里不能模拟场地无限域的缺点。为地下结构的动力时程分析提供可靠数值依据。     

含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

Numerical simulation on truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating into stiffened plate北大核心CSCD

[Objectives]In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the anti-penetration performance and energy absorption mode of a stiffened plate, as well as the influence of different stiffened bars on the flight attitude of the projectile body.[Methods] Finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the process of a truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating a stiffened plate, and the results of the numerical simulation are compared with an experiment to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The momentum method and mass equivalence method are used to predict the residual velocity of the projectile, and the applicability of different theoretical methods within different velocity ranges is compared. The deformation energy of different regions of the stiffened plate is then extracted to analyze the influence of the initial velocity of the projectile body on the energy absorption mode of the target plate. Finally, the structure of the stiffeners is changed and the influence of the relative position of the stiffeners on the penetration attitude of the projectile body is analyzed.[Results]The results show that the mass equivalence method is more accurate than the momentum method in predicting the residual velocity of the stiffened plate when the initial velocity of the projectile body is in the range of 300–900 m/s. The ratio of the deformation energy of the stiffened plate to the energy loss of the projectile body decreases with the increase of the initial velocity of the projectile body. The effect of a T-stiffened plate on trajectory is greater than that of a rectangular-stiffened plate.[Conclusions]The related calculation method and research results have certain reference value for research and engineering application surrounding the anti-penetration of stiffened plates. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.